Basement

3 †cellar 3 †Basement 1 Quick Revision 1. 1 Problems emerging from storm cellar development a. Uncovering technique. b. Surface and ground water control c. Horizontal soundness of storm cellar unearthing. d. Security of connecting building. 1. 2 Ground water control †dewatering a. Open Sump Pumping b. Wellpoint System. c. Shallow-Bored Well System d. Profound Bored Well System 1. 3 Basement Excavation a. Open exhuming b. Sheet heap cofferdam Supported with raking swaggers Supported with swaggers and walings Supported with ground stays Ground backing and ground water control for profound excavationCut off wallings: c. Slender grouted diaphrage d. Blended set up divider e. Ground treatment f. Round cofferdam g. Diaphrage divider 1/11 3 †storm cellar 2. Cut-off wallings 2. 1 Thin grouted stomach A progression of contacting general shafts or segments are crashed into the ground to the necessary profundity. A grout infusion pipe is fixed to the web the area and this is associated with a gathering siphon at the ground. As the segments are pulled back the void made is loaded up with concrete grout to frame the slender layer. This is a non-auxiliary divider and administrations just as a cut-off divider. It is uitable earth of residue, sand and rock. 2. 2 Thin grouted stomach (Source: R. Chudley) Mixed set up divider An empty stir drill is bored into the ground. Interruption grout is siphoned through the empty kelly bar during the boring activity. At the point when the necessary profundity is reached, the wood screw pivot is switched and pulled back while grout infusion proceeds. The grout is along these lines blended in with the current soil to frame a blended set up heap. The above procedure is rehashed with the heaps being thrown against one another until the entire divider is framed. Blended set up heap (Source: Jufri and Wellmen)/11 3 †storm cellar 2. 3 Ground treatment The significant weakness of siphoning is causing settlement of encompas sing ground. In urban zones, settlement would genuine influence the steadiness of neighboring properties. In this circumstance, grouting technique can be utilized to control ground water. The essential strategy is to infuse the dirt or rock with liquids which, on setting, seal or decrease the porousness of the material. There are different sorts of grouts. The selection of grouts, the example and dividing of the infusion channels will rely on the molecule sizes of the dirt or the size of crevices in the rock.Cement Grouting (Source: R. Chudley) 2. 3. 1 Cement grouting Cement grout is appropriate for infusing into coarse materials which have a high porousness. This technique not exclusively can frame an impermeable boundary to ground water yet in addition cement free soils which keeps from falling during exhuming. It is regular to initiate grouting with a group of meager grout and afterward to expand the consistency of the grout as the procedure proceeds, by lessening the water-concr ete proportion. The grout utilized might be made out of flawless concrete grout, or a blend of concrete and 3/11 3 †storm cellar sand in the proportion of 1 : 4.The including of sand lessens the expense of material yet it likewise decreases the usefulness. Then again, pummeled fuel debris (PFA) might be utilized to supplant some portion of the concrete (up to half) to diminish the expense of the material. The round molecule state of PFA improves the stream nature of the grout without diminishing its quality. 2. 3. 2 Bentonite grouting Bentonite grouting is utilized in ground conditions where the particles of the dirt are excessively little for concrete grouting. While bentonite grout adds little solidarity to the dirt, it has a high protection from water stream and in this way creates an amazing barrier.Bentonite is delivered from montmorillionite earth, which has thixotropic properties: when it coagulates it shapes a gel, and whenever blended in with specific added substances, for example, Portland concrete or solvent silicates, the hindrance framed will be lasting. 2. 3. 3 Chemical grouting There are two primary procedures of substance grouting: ‘one-shot’ and ‘two shot’. In the ‘two-shot’ process, pipes are crashed into the ground at around 600 mm places, and the main compound, regularly sodium silicate, is infused. This is followed quickly by the infusion of the subsequent synthetic, calcium chloride.The response between the two synthetic substances is prompt, bringing about an extreme, insoluble ‘silica-gel’. The procedure invigorates impressive to the dirt and significantly decreases its porousness. Two-shot procedure for synthetic grouting 4/11 3 †cellar The ‘two-shot’ process has been to a great extent supplanted by the ‘one-shot’ process, which comprises of combining preceding infusion two synthetic concoctions whose gel time can be adequately postponed to permit f ull infiltration of the dirt before gel happens. The degree of the deferral can be precisely constrained by differing the extents of the two chemicals.The additional time accessible for putting this grout permits more extensive separating of the boreholes. 4. 2. 6 Circular cofferdam Steel sheet heap cofferdams might be orchestrated fit as a fiddle in plan. Round cofferdams might be upheld with ring walings. The walings are dependent upon distracting push and go about as a persistent curve. In this way transverse swaggers are not required. Enormous measurement round cofferdams might be framed of solid stomach divider and fortified with ring solid bar. The benefit of this strategy is that it gives a reasonable uncovering un-hampered by swaggers. Be that as it may, the technique is confined to roundabout shape.Circular cofferdam support with ring walings Basement development of IFC 5/11 3 †cellar 5 Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm walling portrays the development of consistent solid divi ders into the ground. The procedure, now and again called the slurry channel technique, includes the uncovering of a thin channel to the necessary profundity which upheld with bentonite slurry. The channel is then loaded up with cement to shape the divider. Development of stomach divider 5. 1 Advantages of utilizing stomach dividers for storm cellar development 1. The way toward developing the divider is moderately tranquil and has little vibration. . The divider can be developed to an extraordinary profundity. 3. The divider gives impermanent ground bolsters during unearthing henceforth costly steelwork is dispensed with or limited. 4. The divider gives a decent water remove; no dewatering is required and consequently effectsly affects neighboring structure. 5. The divider serves both as outer divider for the storm cellar and the establishment for the superstructure. 6. For profound cellar, stomach walling is more efficient than utilizing steel sheeting cofferdam. 6/11 3 †stor m cellar 5. 2 Method of development of solid stomach divider 1. A border channel, 1 to 1. m profound and with a width equivalent to the divider thickness in addition to 300 mm is exhumed. 2. The channel is fixed on the two sides with 150 mm thick in-situ concrete. (The linings give a manual for the get and shield the highest point of the unearthing from breakdown. ) 3. The divider is isolated into to boards. The width of each board is around 4. 5 to 7 m. The grouping of development for the boards is in an on the other hand way. That is, a halfway board is unearthed after boards on its the two sides have been thrown. 4. The channel is then loaded up with bentonite slurry from an enormous stockpiling tank before excavation.Excavation is finished by a snatch. During uncovering, it is imperative to keep up the slurry level at around 0. 5 m beneath the highest point of the channel. (The capacity of the bentonite is to forestall the entrance of water and soil into the channel. ) Excavatio n is proceeded until the establishing is reached. 5. Stop end channels of width equivalent the divider thickness are put at the two closures of the board. A support confine is brought down through the bentonite and board is thrown with tremie concrete. The uprooted bentonite is recuperated, stressed to expel the dirt particles and afterward put away for sometime later. 6.When the solid has set, the stop end pipes are evacuated. Semi-round attachments are shaped which give key to the adjoining boards. 7. Further boards of the stomach divider are then shaped along these lines until the divider is finished. 5. 3 Precast Concrete Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm dividers can likewise be framed with precast solid boards. The development arrangement is: 1. A border channel, fixed on the two sides with solid dividers, is readied. 7/11 3 †cellar 2. The channel is loaded up with bentonite slurry and unearthed with a snatch. During exhuming, the slurry level is kept up at around 0. m underneath the highest point of the channel. Unearthing is proceeded until the establishing is reached. 3. Concrete grout is acquainted with the base of the channel with a spreader. The dislodged bentonite is recouped, stressed to evacuate the dirt particles and afterward put away for sometime later. 4. Precast posts or boards are embedded into the channel to shape the divider 5. At the point when the grout has set, it seals the joints of the precast boards adequately, and the stomach divider is framed. Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall (Source: R. Holmes) (Source: R. Holmes) 8/11 3 †cellar 6 Soldier heap wallSince the mass of a storm cellar must be watertight, if a fighter heap divider is utilized as a cellar divider, the heaps of the divider will be developed to cover with one another. This sort of divider is likewise called secant heap divider. The covering is around 120 to 200 mm. It is cut by a water powered activated packaging fitted with a cutting rin g at the lower end. The cutting must be done inside a couple of days after the solid has been cast to forestall it become to hard. Secant heap divider Alternatively, the heaps of the divider are thrown touching. Boreholes are drill at the joints of the heaps which cut the edges of the heaps. The boreholes are then filled ith bentonite-concrete grout to seal the joints. Secant heap divider (Source: R. Chudley) 9/11 3 †storm cellar 7 Top-Down Basement Construction It is to build the cellar the descending way to the last degrees of the storm cellar. The succession of work is as follows:1. Develop the perman

Top Reasons to Use PHP on Your Website

Top Reasons to Use PHP on Your Website Presently that you are happy with utilizing HTML on your site, the time has come to handle PHP, a programming languageâ you can use to upgrade your HTML website. Why use PHP? Here are some incredible reasons. Cordial With HTML Any individual who as of now has a site and knows about HTML can without much of a stretch make the progression to PHP. Truth be told, PHP and HTML are compatible inside the page. You can put PHP outside the HTML or inside. While PHP adds new highlights to your site, the fundamental appearance is still totally made with HTML. Peruse increasingly about utilizing PHP with HTML. Intuitive Features PHP permits you to interface with your guests in manners HTML alone cant. You can utilize it to plan straightforward email shapes or expand shopping baskets that spare past requests and suggest comparable items. It can likewise convey intuitive discussions and private informing systems.â Simple to Learn PHP is significantly simpler to begin with than you may might suspect. By learning only a couple of straightforward capacities, you can do a ton of things with your site. When you know the rudiments, look at theâ wealth of contents accessible on the web that you just need to change somewhat to accommodate your needs.â Choice Online Documentation The PHP documentation is the best on the web. No doubt. Each capacity and technique call is recorded, and most have huge amounts of models you can contemplate, alongside remarks from other users.â A lot of Blogs There are a ton of extraordinary PHP writes on the web. Regardless of whether you need an inquiry replied or need to hobnob with PHP master software engineers, there are websites for you.â Minimal effort and Open Source PHP is accessible online completely free. It is acknowledged all inclusive so you can utilize it on all site advancement and configuration undertakings. Good With Databases With an expansion or reflection layer, PHP underpins a wide scope of databases including MySql. It Just Works PHP tackles issues simpler and quicker than nearly whatever else out there. It is easy to understand, cross-stage and simple to learn. What number of more reasons do you have to attempt PHP on your site? Justâ start learning PHP.

Occupiers Liability free essay sample

An express guest will have consent by the proprietor or occupier e. g. Younger students are express guests as they have authorization to remain In the school as a guest. | Implied: An inferred guest is guest who don't have consent yet is still so anyone might hear to enter the premises, e. g. a mailman, a mailman doesn't have to request consent before they can enter the premises. | OLA 1957 †‘An occupier of premises owes a customary law of obligation of care to all his visitors’. The Law On the off chance that a guest goes into a ‘private’ zone they may turn into a trespasser regardless of whether they have authorization to be on the premises for an alternate explanation. | The 3 Exceptions Children: When it comes to occupier’s risk there are a few special cases. The law on kids says ‘ an occupier must be set up for youngsters to be less cautious than adults’. For example in the Pearson V Coleman Bros (1948) a multi year old young lady went to the carnival with her family. We will compose a custom exposition test on Occupiers Liability or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She meandered of to go to the toilets rather she wound up in the creature walled in area and was assaulted by a lion. We could contend the law of occupiers risk doesn’t spread the youngster as went into a private territory, however the law says that kids are normally curious and can without much of a stretch be ‘allured’ (creatures, water, broken glass and so forth). Admonitions: If the occupier gives somebody a reasonable admonition then the occupier can't be sued if his admonition is overlooked. See this case for example, Roles V Nathan (1963), a fireplace sweeper turnt up at a keeps an eye on house and was advised not to clear his smokestack as there was a spillage, yet he overlooked the admonitions and the sweeper was harmed and kicked the bucket. Self employed entities: The law says that where harm is caused to a guest by a risk because of the broken executions of any work of developments, maintance or fix by a self employed entity utilized by the occupier, the occupier isn't at risk. For the situation Haseldine v Daw (1941) there was a lift organization who fitted a lift in a structure however the lift broke and harmed individuals. The individuals sued the lift organization and not the occupiers in the structure. What is an Occupier? An occupier is anybody with authority over premises/land, e. g. organizations, committees, parks, schools and so forth. An occupier of premises owes a similar obligation, to every one of his guests.

Example Answers to Tasks on STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Free Essay Example

The purpose of this assignment will try to critically examine the short coming in CPP (NALCO), human resource management. It will try to explain the importance of strategic of human resource management and it probable contribution to the company. Human resource is the backbone of an organisation. Strategic human resource management is a branch of human resource management. In an organization SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of the companys strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. Armstrong (2000). Strategic Human Resource Management is a concept that integrates traditional human resource management activities within an organisations overall strategic planning and implementation. SHRM integrates human resource considerations with other physical, financial and technological resources in the setting of goals and solving complex organisational problems. Legnick-Hall Legnick- hall, (1988). Case study NALCO The case study discusses about the human resource management policies adopted by Captive Power Plant (CPP), a power plant set up by National Aluminium Company (NALCO) in India. The study discusses about the human resource development in the organisation and the practices with the organisations overall corporate strategy. It details relate to the employee training, training and development, mentoring and work-life balance. It also describes how the organisation has established a culture of poor performance and struggling to achieve its strategic goals. The case study concludes with the suggestion on whether the CPP can further optimize its returns by modifying its HRM practices to prepare itself for the future. TASK-1 Purpose of the Strategic Human Resource Management in CPP (NALCO) The purpose of Strategic Human Resource Management is to create strategic capability by ensuring that the company has the well-motivated, skilled and committed employees to achieve its strategic goals and to provide a sense direction in a turbulent environment. SHRM consists with both Human capital requirements and the development of the process. It provides a perspective way in critical issues or in success factors which relates to people, major impact on strategic decisions and success of the organisation. Todays corporate world became an extremely complex and competitive market. Scaling and heights of the success in business is not easy task. Now a day for any organisation, employees play a key role to success of the organisation. It does not mean that only an employee will do the best job, but also means that every employee must be right for the job what they are doing. Captive Power Plant (CPP), a public sector power plant, a power unit on National Aluminium Company (NALCO) . It operates in an inclusive environment; this means a culture that gives stress on individual and cultural differences. The management of the company has very old and poor culture which has lack of flexibility among the employees. It has got an unstructured organisational culture. The company has lack of interest to the developing human resource, not interest on the employees. Although it is a very old company, the traditional management systems of the organisation still supporting. They are making policies of human resource which has been used by the management without any consultation of any other department. The management decision making in functional orientation of the company hampering the cross-functional perspective. So it is very complicated for the whole management system which can be a big loss for the organisation. For their hierarchical decision making, that can be effect on response from the employee. Organisational culture is made by the value of assumptions, bel iefs and those are shared by the whole members of the organisation. It has been created by the top level management or team members which presents the important unit of the work environment in which the employee do their jobs. The idea in this culture sometimes most of the employee cannot touch which is intangible, but it can be feel and follow. The management system and organisational culture affects all over the organisation. The work culture of CPP is not giving the important for its employees and executed by hierarchical and rigid culture. The company had adopted the traditional structure which needs a big change in responds to rapidly changing markets and conditions in order to competitive and grow. Good management culture motivated the employees to perform more and more and provide the optimum output for the organisation. Organisation should believe in the philosophy of people first than all other thing in the organisation. CPP has created an environment where the people ar e not happy to work. Most of the employee takes sick holiday, more absenteeism, irregular on work. Strategic human resource management is the way to help the company to satisfy the needs of the employees while desiring the goals. Human resource consult with any part of the company that effect on employees, such as training and development,, hiring and firing, pay incentives, safety information and sick or vacation days. However, the management of the company pointed out that it could not allow highly accelerated career growth due to the companys unstable career policy. The company felt that there is no job secure in the company. It has to considerable the stability at the company, so that employee can work stress-free and could give their best to the company. TASK-2 Developing Human Resource Plan An organisation always thrives on challenges and tries to overcome those and prove itself to its effort to prosper. Many organisations fall upon major assets, the human resource to achieve its strategic goals. Forcefully workforce in an organisation is not a key of chance. In fact CPP has led the public sector undertaking in setting traditional management structure. Human resource is the back bone of any organisation. It provides the most important policies for the organisation to achieve its objectives. As the time of developing and expanding of the organisation, the human resource department of the organisation needs to change the policy and the regulation according to the employee satisfaction. So it helps the organisation to achieve its strategic goals. The main elements of human resources are like planning, recruiting, training and development, performance and measurement. Planning is a process of determining the strategic goals of an organisation and developing the stra tegies with the operation and utilizing resources towards setting goals and objective. A human resource manager needs to plan for the future according to the external environment of the company like competitor, government policy, and labour market. He needs to know if there are required skills needed or if there are few people with the type of skill needed by the company. It is all about recruiting the right people and developing them with the new strategy. In case of recruitment and selection it is very important to know when, why and how to recruit staff. Organisation recruit the employee so business can be expand and changing job roles within the business because of new skills and new technology. Employees are also recruited due to the company needs to fill the vacancies. Training could be defined as a learning experience or activity of the work, making the high performance of employees which will turn the business successful. Training provides to the employee to contribute the effective of an organisation, while on the other hand employee also get development itself. In order to competitive business the performance of the management needs to monitor employee effectively. Some of the organisation use to monitoring the performance of their employees like performance reviews, self-evaluation, peer evaluation and target setting for individual or group. TASK-3 Principal Impacts on Human Recourse Management The impact of strategic of human resource management in an organisational culture of a company, it influence by life values, thinking patterns and behavioural modes of senior managers and employees. When organisational culture and strategies of human resource management supplement each other, the strategies can exert their effectiveness and competitive advantages. The organisational culture provides an equal and open environment for the senior managers and the employees to communicate frankly and share their knowledge and study from each other. It is on the base of frequent communication, mutual supporting, and trust between employees. Improving the effectiveness of Human Resource Management CPP is a big company but recruits less amount of people during the year. It should be aim to ensure that they attract and offer employment, to either internal or external applicants who are most suitable for the current and future needs of the business. When there are some new opportunities for internal staff, the company has to advertise the new job. They have to advertise the job by using the Internet, newspapers and job centres. If anyone is interested then they can apply and if selection has been done that, they will go for an interview. For an interview the interviewer will ask the candidate a set of questions. This questioner will include questions, which will be the main objective or details of an employee, those the company is looking for. Training and development programme There are different types of training for different position. Company should provide the specific training every six months. Different types of training such has on going, training framework, care skills, health safety, legal, and multi- skill. Performance management The organisation should monitor the performance of its employees by giving them a review plan once a year depending on different department. To academic aspiration of employees company should sponsor employees to induct for courses which are basic require of an employee. To meet the strategic goal of becoming a learning organisation, company should integrated knowledge management system which will be facilitates tactic knowledge of employees for the future reference. Appraisal system has to be carried out every 12 months. An appraisal system is an opportunity to discuss with members of staff whats going well, what can be improved, how they would like to develop and any reasonable suggestion from any member of staff. At CPP these meeting are done between the manager and CPPs employee. These meeting are also confidential. The pay and reward system should be every year for the best member or members of staff that have contributed to the company in respectively. Organisation will give certificates of recognition, praise and value awards. Rewards and Recognition Creating a new organisational culture of rewards and recognitions through an events, function and celebration of various achievements and recognising the contributions for the success of organisation. Career Advancement Opportunities Talent management system in an organisational culture is to ensure that the commitment of meaningful growth new challenges for the employees. Talent management should comprise with performance management, career paths and leadership development. TASK- 4 Purpose of Human Resource Management Policies in an Organisation The purpose of Human resource management policies is to well establish, develop, maintain and communicate office policies throughout the entire company providing help, advise and consult with the employees (www.smallbusinessbible.org). Handling people is always hard task and difficult people are always hard to handle. With the help of Human Resource department, employees can work together in a cordial and friendly atmosphere with their peers to create an effective business mechanism. John Purcell (1993) considers that when in an organisation applied new policies and practices, it often associated with such words like organisational commitment, competence, empowerment, flexibility, organisation culture, performance, assessment, reward, teamwork, involvement, cooperation, harmonization, quality and learning. These policies are intended to support the effectiveness of the human resource function. An organisation introduces their Human Resource Policies for very different reason. Th ese are including: To support their general management strategy To follow the latest developments in effective people management To comply with existing or new rules and regulation Complying with the government rules and regulations To keep up with the competitors particularly in a tight labour market. Purpose of Human Resource Management Policies in CPP CPP has adopted a visionary approach to address the issue of corporate social responsibility since inception. CPP management takes every care to promote and fulfil the recreational and health requirements of the employees. It creates different social groups to organise their project with cultural traditions and social values. Recruitment and Selection policy Recruitment is the process of employing the staff in an organisation and then selection consists of choosing suitable candidate from the application form to fill the post. Recruiting procedure can be done through internally by recruitment within the firm or externally by recruiting people from outside. When in an organisation forming a recruitment policy, it comes with some elements like job analysis, job profile, recruitment advertising, selection techniques, interviews, references, medical examinations, asylum and immigration, documentation and equal opportunities monitoring. The recruitment policy had provisions to give preference to marginalised classes of society like the scheduled castes/tribes, economically backward classes, Ex-servicemen, persons uprooted from the project areas, physically handicapped and dependents of regular employees who die in harness. Specific provisions are made for reservation and concessions to SC/ST and physically handicapped persons. Recognition to employee CPP has introduced a combined team Award Scheme to bring in an inter-unit competitiveness in various areas of activity, leading to excellence and perfection. With this in mind CPP is introducing inter-project competitions in Productivity, Safety, House Keeping, Industrial Relations, and Improvement Protection in the Environment. The objective of the Award Scheme is to induce a Team Spirit amongst all employees of Projects/Stations, to bring in a sense of competitiveness amongst all employees and the teams and to reward the best performing project. Training development In organisation, training consists of the way of developing skills with productivity and quality of work and accepted as a method of improving the skill of employees in work environment. To meet the objective of the effective organisation it depends on skills, abilities and commitment of the employees who contribute the most important asset of the organisation. In CPP it has developed its own comprehensive training infrastructure, which envisages a minimum of 7 man days of training per employee per year. Gender equality The HR policies and the practices ensure gender equality. CPP is one of the few organizations to have a policy for grant of paternity leave. Adequate mechanism has been provided in the form of a committee for investigating complaints relating to sexual harassment of working women. CPP also taps rich resources available in families of employees. Ladies clubs at each of the projects utilises this potential for educational, health and other community development projects in and around the project areas. SC/ST CPP has endeavoured that it takes responsibility for adequate representation of SC/ST and OBC categories in employment. Towards this effort, there have been exclusive advertisements/notifications for employment of SC/ST category candidates. These vacancies are circulated to all accredited SC/ST associations as prescribed under Govt. guidelines. Social efforts for physical handicapped people CPP has a deep-rooted commitment to reach out and light up lives of physically challenged people. Apart from the medical camps as described above, equal employment opportunities are offered to this special category of individuals as defined under Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full participation) Act 1995. With 125 such persons already provided regular employment, 200 odd are more likely to be recruited at various projects in the near future. Such a massive effort of this magnitude has never been undertaken by any organisation in the past. This has been done because CPP has committed itself to provide enhanced employment opportunities to disabled persons. Health Safety The organization provides comprehensive medical care to employees and their families inclusive of primitive, curative and preventive healthcare. It also provides adequate health care to the community around the project sites. conclusion

Compare and Contrast the Different Systems of Government

Throughout history, there have been many systems of government that have been created, and have revolutionised todays modern forms of government. Democracy, Monarchy, Dictatorship, Theocracy, and Anarchy all use various, unique techniques on how to run a civilization. Each of them require different leadership traits in order for it to work properly. There are numerous examples of significant people who have demonstrated a form of governments necessary leadership traits, such as the Dalai Lama, a Theocratic leader. â€Å"In a democracy the poor will have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme† - Aristotle. This quote lays out the main idea behind Democracy. The idea that the people deserve equality and freedom. Equality in race, colour and religion, and freedom of speech, and will, unless it is against the will of the majority of the people. 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BeforeRead MoreDomestic Inequalities in The USA and Denmark Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesSocieties and their governments have developed different policy approaches to addressing domestic inequality. Compare and contrast two different countries and evaluate the effectiveness of their key policy measures in addressing inequality. It is a commonly accepted that inequality is increasing throughout the globe, with startling statistics such as the recent Oxfam report indicating that the richest 85 people in the world own more wealth than the poorest 3.5 billion people(Oxfam Australia Media

The Digital Native - 1470 Words

The research introduced in The ‘digital native’ in context: tensions associated with importing Web 2.0 practices into the school setting stands on the constructivist epistemology combined with an interpretivist perspective. Indeed, its main goal aims to understand the nature and extent of importing tools (such as Web 2.0) from everyday settings (such as home) into a more structured context (such as a school). Deep interests in the students’ use of Web 2.0 in and out school and their engagement with this technology emerge from the research. However, trying not to ignore social realities such as the lack of access to technologies and poor technology training, the research also adapts a flavour of social constructivism. It seeks the†¦show more content†¦First, reality cannot be discovered because it does not exist prior to its social appearance. Second, individuals construct meanings through interactions with each other and within their environment. And thir d, significant learning occurs when people are engaged in social actions (Kim, 2001). Delving into the research would lead to make a scrupulous review of the criteria of credibility and integrity, which will be directly related to this qualitative research in the field of digital education. Creswell (2013) suggested that ‘a qualitative research includes emerging questions and pro ¬cedures, data analysis inductively done, and interpretations of the meaning of the data.’ Here the researcher stood as much a part of the process as the participants and data they provided (Corbin Strauss, 2015). Therefore, this research finds different ways to connect the researcher and his research participants, to see the world of social and cognitive commonalities among young people and the Web 2.0 tools, and to enjoy playing with words through thematic analysis. From the previous assumptions, it may be reasonable to suppose that this research was mainly framed in terms of using words with open-ended questions (interview questions) in order to understand and discover the meaning students ascribe to a particular social situation. The use of grounded theory, as the research design, guided the process, so

Article on Beauty as a Social Construct-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Explain how beauty can be considered a social construction and comment on the significance for women's self-esteem. Answer: Introduction In the present society, the concept f the beauty is socially constructed and individuals develop a false perception of beauty as the individuals see it all around. Accordingly, beauty of women is socially constructed, as women tend to look to themselves as the worlds will tend to look at them (Chua Chang, 2016). Beauty as a major significance with the self-esteem of women, as women with high self-esteem are tend to feel themselves more beautiful than women with low self-esteem. The essay will elucidates on the concept of beauty as a social construct and how it affects the self-esteem of women. Discussion News Article on Beauty as a Social Construct As per the concept of the feminine beauty, the concept of beauty is socially constructed, as according to women, their physical attractive is the most important assets and in order to maintain their high self-esteem in the society, every woman should thrive to maintain it. The true sense of beauty has been lost since the time society started deciding the perfect meaning of beauty, and women accordingly tries to see them as per the concept of society. The article mainly focuses on the concept of beauty that permeates the society to focus only on the notion of beauty as constructed by the society (Goldman Waymer, 2014). The article focussed on the study of a character of the TV series, Ugly Betty where she he had been regarded as an attractive women by her co-workers and the society. The character was described as curvaceous shaped with frizzy hair and puts blue braces and her unattractiveness would lead to lower her self-esteem in the society (Nagoshi Nagoshi, 2014). It is important to note that beauty is regarded as a concept that is basically constructed by the society and media tends to play a vital role influencing society with the notion of beauty. However, multi dimensional concept of beauty is being created within the society with the help of media, and sometimes it becomes difficult for women to achieve those standards of beauty despite their efforts and hard work. As per the report, feminist scholars for more than decades shed lights on the politics and concept of the quest of women for beauty and their main involvement with the modifications of their body (Goldman Waymer, 2014). Accordingly, it has been stated that in reality the beauty of women as often served as an influence of the patriarchal control, and that tend to influence the lives of women through socio-cultural norms. As per the society, beauty is not considered as an innate trait but it is considered as a commodity that could be obtained only by the women and accordingly it influences th e self-esteem of the women. Academic Article on Beauty as a Social Construct In the present day, there has been a strong link between the beauty and self-esteem and society plays a major role in constructing the concept of beauty. With the social construction of beauty women as well as the teenage girls tend to see themselves according to the concept of society. However, in explaining the concept of beauty as per the society, media also plays a major role in influencing the society (Chua Chang, 2016). It is also important to be noted that the concept of thinness as a concept of beauty influence women in the society and mainly the teenage girls. It is also important to note that, as beauty is regarded as socially constructed, it influences the self-esteem of the women, and with the introduction of the feminist movement, women have started to spent more money on cosmetics and products in order to look beautiful (Watkins, 2016). Women live in a false perception, that with the help of products and cosmetics they would look beautiful to others as well as to the s ociety and accordingly it influenced them to increase their self-esteem. Theories As per the social construction reality theory, the theory is mostly concerned about how individuals and society thinks and accordingly the structure the experiences and analysis within the society. With the help of this theory, it becomes easy to understand the social construction of beauty (Dimofte, Goodstein Brumbaugh, 2015). The theory mainly analyses that individuals within the society rationalizes their experiences by adopting notions of the social world. In case of beauty as social construction, individuals try to experience beauty as it has been defined by the society. As per the notion of the society, beauty is attached within the body of women and from time-to-time, women tend to look beauty in order to look good in the eyes of others (Mouzelis, 2016). However, social construction theory deals with the basic notion that any object or concept such as beauty is analysed by the society the way it views it and women in the society are always observed as a source of beauty. Apar t from this, Darwinian Theory of beauty explained the fact that the concept beauty mainly lies on the eyes of the beholder (Dutton, 2014). This has been a core part of the human nature and individuals within the society that observe beauty within women as per their concept and taking all the ideas and concept society construct beauty. Accordingly women tend to present themselves as per the notion of the society and accordingly the concept of beauty plays a significant role in boosting or lowering their self-esteem level. Conclusion From the above conclusion it could be concluded that beauty is considered as social construct, as women tend to present themselves as per the concept of the society. Beauty in terms of society, meant that women needs to be look good how the society. Moreover, beauty also has a major role play in boosting or lowering the self-esteem of the women. If women looks beauty they tend to have high self-esteem in the society and in case of unattractiveness, women tend to have low self-esteem. Theories such as the social construct theory and the Darwinian theory of beauty also explained the social construct of beauty. References Chua, T. H. H., Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media.Computers in Human Behavior,55, 190-197. Clarke, L. H. (2017). Women, Aging, and Beauty Culture: Navigating the Social Perils of Looking Old.Generations,41(4). Dimofte, C. V., Goodstein, R. C., Brumbaugh, A. M. (2015). A social identity perspective on aspirational advertising: Implicit threats to collective self?esteem and strategies to overcome them.Journal of Consumer Psychology,25(3), 416-430. Dutton, D. (2014). A Darwinian theory of beauty.Philosophy and Literature,38(1), A314-A318. Goldman, A., Waymer, D. (2014). Identifying ugliness, defining beauty: A focus group analysis of and reaction to ugly Betty.The Qualitative Report,19(10), 1. Mouzelis, N. P. (2016).Back to sociological theory: the construction of social orders. Springer. Nagoshi, J. L., Nagoshi, C. T. (2014). The quantitative/positivist approach to socially constructed identities. InGender and Sexual Identity(pp. 31-54). Springer, New York, NY. Watkins, C. (2016). Revelation, Scripture and Truth: Truth in its Beauty and Love in its Tenderness. InEducation in a Catholic Perspective(pp. 77-90). Routledge.